TDS calculator
How much tax gets deducted at source before this payment reaches me?
Interest 194A · professional fees 194J · rent on property 194I(b) · contractor 194C.
The whole year’s payment from one payer. Thresholds are per payer, not per household.
No PAN on file and the rate jumps to 20% under Section 206AA.
₹10,000deducted before it reaches you
- You receive
- ₹90,000
- Rate applied
- 10%
- Threshold for this section
- ₹40,000
- Headroom left
- ₹0
Section 194A — Interest on deposits (bank/post office). Deducted, not owed: it lands in your 26AS and comes off the tax on your return, so an over-deduction comes back as a refund. FY 2025-26 rates; the ₹40,000 interest threshold here is the general one — a senior citizen’s is ₹50,000, which this does not model.
- Deducted at source₹10,000 · 10%
- Reaches you₹90,000 · 90%
| Payment | Rate | TDS | You receive |
|---|---|---|---|
| ₹1,00,000 | 10% | ₹10,000 | ₹90,000 |
TDS is tax the payer takes out before the money reaches you and deposits against your PAN. The bank pays your fixed-deposit interest short by a tenth; a client settles an invoice short by a tenth; a tenant hands over rent short. This says how much gets held back on a year's payments from one payer, at what rate, and what actually lands in your account — and, if you are below the section's threshold, that nothing gets held back at all. It is a deduction, not a bill: the amount shows up in your Form 26AS and comes off the tax you owe when you file, so a deduction larger than your real liability comes back as a refund.
A worked example
One bank, one financial year, ₹1,00,000 of fixed-deposit interest, and the bank has your PAN. Set the three fields above to Interest, ₹1,00,000 and Have PAN, and the page returns:
- ₹10,000 deducted before it reaches you
- ₹90,000 is what you receive
- the rate applied is 10%, under section 194A
- headroom left: ₹0 — the threshold is crossed
- ₹90,000 Reaches your account
- ₹10,000 Held back and deposited against your PAN
The ₹10,000 is not lost. It is credited to you in Form 26AS and set off against the tax on your return.
Drop the amount to ₹35,000 and the answer changes shape rather than shrinking: the headline reads ₹0 deducted — you are under the threshold, and the headroom figure turns into ₹5,000, the interest you could still earn from that bank before deduction starts. Nothing in between: TDS is a cliff, not a slope. The rupee that crosses the line triggers deduction on the whole year’s interest, not on the excess.
What the missing PAN costs
Same ₹1,00,000, same payer, same year. Within each pair below the only thing that changes is whether a valid PAN is on file: Section 206AA replaces the section’s own rate with 20% when none is furnished, so two payment types with very different rates land on the same one.
A contractor without a PAN loses twenty times as much to deduction — and, unlinked to any PAN, cannot claim it back.
What this number does not account for
This is one payment type, one payer, one year, at the plain statutory rate. Several things sit outside it, and two of them can make the figure on screen wrong for you rather than merely incomplete.
Thresholds move, and these are the older ones
The note under the result calls these FY 2025-26 rates. The rates are; the limits are not — they are the long-standing pre-April-2025 figures, and where the two disagree the older number is what the page computes with. The Finance Act 2025 raised several of them with effect from FY 2025-26 — the bank-interest limit under 194A, the separate and higher senior-citizen limit above it, the rent limit under 194I (restated as a monthly figure) and the fees limit under 194J all moved up. Check the current threshold in the section before you trust the headroom number.
Senior citizens are not modelled
Section 194A gives people aged 60 and over a higher interest threshold than everyone else. This calculator uses the general limit for all ages, so a senior just above it is told tax will be deducted when it may not be. The note under the result says so too.
Per payer, and 194C counts twice
Every threshold here is per payer per year, so do not add three banks together. Section 194C is stricter still: it has both a single-payment limit and a higher yearly aggregate, and this tool tests your annual figure against the single-payment one — which flags deduction earlier than a real deductor would on many small bills.
It is not your tax bill
No slab, no regime, no 87A rebate, no deductions, and no other income is in this figure — TDS at a flat sectional rate has nothing to do with what you finally owe. It is also gross of nothing else: surcharge and cess are not added for resident payees under these sections, and a non-resident payee is a different chapter of the Act entirely.
Two more worth knowing. A salary deduction under section 192 is not a flat rate at all — it is your own slab tax spread over twelve months, based on the regime and declarations you gave your employer, so it is not one of the options above. And this assumes the payer actually deposits what they deducted; if it never appears in your 26AS you cannot claim it, which is the one case where chasing the deductor beats waiting for the refund.
Where to go next
If the deduction you are looking at is on deposit interest, the FD calculator shows the year’s interest that produced it — but do not expect its own TDS line to match this page. That one applies a ₹50,000 threshold and taxes only the interest above it; this one applies ₹40,000 and taxes the whole amount, which is what a bank actually does. On the same deposit, take the figure here. To find out whether the deduction was more than you actually owe, and therefore refundable, run the income tax calculator across both regimes. And if the payment in question is house rent, the HRA calculator is the one that decides how much of it is exempt in your hands.
Why did the bank deduct 10% on my fixed deposit interest?
Because interest on bank and post-office deposits is covered by section 194A, and once a year's interest from that one bank crosses the section's threshold the bank must deduct at 10% if it has your PAN. It is deducted on the whole year's interest, not just the part above the threshold — which is why crossing it by ₹100 still produces a four-figure deduction. The threshold counts per payer, so two banks each paying you just under it deduct nothing, even though your total interest is well over.
Is TDS extra tax, or do I get it back?
Neither exactly. It is an advance instalment of the same tax you owe anyway. The payer deposits it against your PAN, it appears in your Form 26AS and Annual Information Statement, and when you file your return it is set off against your total tax. If more was deducted than you owe — common when your income is below the taxable limit — the excess is refunded. If less was deducted, you pay the balance. Either way you have to file to settle it.
How do I stop TDS on my fixed deposit if my income is below taxable limit?
By filing a declaration with the bank before the interest is credited — Form 15G if you are under 60, Form 15H if you are a senior citizen — under section 197A. It is a self-declaration that your total income for the year will not be taxable, and it is valid for one financial year, per bank, so it has to be filed again every April with every bank you hold deposits at. If your income is taxable but the standard rate deducts too much, the route is a lower-deduction certificate from the assessing officer under section 197, not Form 15G.
Why is TDS 20% when the payer does not have my PAN?
Section 206AA. If you do not furnish a valid PAN to the person paying you, tax is deducted at the higher of the section's own rate or 20% — so a contractor's 1% becomes 20%, and interest at 10% becomes 20%. Worse, without a PAN the deduction cannot be linked to you, so it never reaches your 26AS and you cannot claim it against your tax. Give the payer your PAN before the payment, and check that it is spelt right on the invoice.
Do I have to deduct TDS on the rent I pay my landlord?
Only in specific cases. Section 194I, the one this calculator models for rent, binds payers carrying on business or profession above the turnover limits in the Act — a company or a firm renting an office, not an ordinary salaried tenant. A private individual paying rent for a home falls instead under section 194IB, which applies above a monthly rent limit and carries its own lower rate and its own form (26QC). This tool does not model 194IB, so do not use it to work out what to deduct on your own house rent.
This page starts from typical figures. In Hundo the same calculator opens on your own — the loan, the deposit, the salary already on the ledger — and says where each number came from.